Annotated Bibliography On Dna Replication - 1682 Words

Question 1 a) DNA replication is the process, where a cell passes this DNA sequence onto other cells when it divides. It is known as mitosis as it must duplicate its genome so each new cell has a copy. This occurs during interphase. For the duration of DNA replication the enzyme DNA helicase are significant as they distinct double-stranded DNA into single strands letting each strand to be copied. DNA polymerase is another important enzyme that starts attaching new corresponding nucleotides to these patterns. It is done according to the base pairing rules, A=T, C=G, G=C and T=A. Once the new nucleotides are attached, two new sister DNA strands are formed same as the original strand. The result is two identical strands, each of which is half new. b) mRNA is a translation of DNA into a convertible protein substituting T with U. The template strand shown is the 1st step of transcription and it is transcribed to: GTA GAT TGG GGT CTC CTC. Each of the codons codes for a particular amino acid. For example, each codon is a triplet and codes for one amino acid. In the strand shown it separates it into triplets that will reveal codon and amino acid number. For example, CAT CTA ACC CCA GAG GAG = 6 amino acids. c) Sickle cell anaemia – GTA GAT TGG GGT CAC CTC Normal haemoglobin – GTA GAT TGG GGT CTC CTC While comparing the difference between the normal and sickle cell strands, it was identified that in the sickle cell there is a coding error. As the transcription error causes theShow MoreRelatedThe Human Genome Project Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesconstitute the human genome (the complete genetic material of an organism). The project was heralded by the research conducted in 1953 by the scientists Watson and Crick who discovered that DNA existed as a double helical structure (enabling DNA replication), from images of Rosalind Franklin’s DNA X-ray diffraction. Despite the potential positive applications of the project’s results such as in molecular medicine, it has been scrutinized for being unethical by interfering withRead MoreElectronic Media13295 Words   |  54 Pagesprovides Drosophila (fruit fly) researchers with access to submitted genomic data, genetic maps of Drosophila, addresses of other Drosophila researchers, fly stock lists (directories of which labs supply which genetic varieties of fruit fly), and a bibliography of publications on Drosophila. The C. elegans community, which studies Nematode worms, uses ACEDB (A C. Elegans Data Base). Other model-organism-oriented biology subfields have similar digital disciplinary corpora. Submission of gene sequencesRead MoreQuality Improvement328284 Words   |  1314 Pagesthe field. It is available at www.wiley.com/college/montgomery. Student Resource Manual The text contains answers to most of the odd-numbered exercises. A Student Resource Manual is available from John Wiley Sons that presents comprehensive annotated solutions to these same odd-numbered problems. This is an excellent study aid that many text users will find extremely helpful. The Student Resource Manual may be ordered in a set with the text or purchased separately. Contact your local Wiley representativeRead MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 Pageson a common theme. The articles include full-text Harvard Business Review articles plus a summary of key ideas and company examples to help busy managers quickly absorb and apply the concepts. Each OnPoint enhanced article also includes an annotated bibliography. ORDER BACK ISSUES TODAY www.onpointhbr.org Harvard Business Review OnPoint Executive Edition is published quarterly and available only at select newsstands and on our website. It is not available by subscription. WWW.ONPOINTHBR.ORG

A Proposal For Waste Recycling - 1009 Words

A proposal for waste paper recycling in IIST campus. Project as part of CH311 Environmental Science and Engineering Aashish Lamba SC12B001 Aditya Duhan SC12B005 Mohit Singh Malik SC12B032 Shakti Bhim Bhan Singh SC12B048 Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram September 2014 Introduction Made from vegetable fibres called cellulose, paper as we know it today was first created in China more than two thousand years ago. Since the advent of the printing press in the 15th century, its use has spread across all continents to the extent that, currently, it is hard to imagine the world without this versatile material. More than 400 million tonnes of paper and cardboard are produced worldwide every year, with more than half coming from recovered sources. Thus recycling of paper plays an important role in meeting the demand for increasing paper use. Recycling used paper and cardboard has significant advantages over other disposal options - namely landfill and incineration. Abstract Since a lot of waste paper is produced in IIST, paper recycling can serve as an economical way to reduce waste and reuse the recovered paper. Since most of the waste in IIST comes from papers (mostly printed A4 sheets and newspapers), recycling of this waste on smallShow MoreRelatedRecycling Plan For A Comprehensive Recycling Program1731 Words   |  7 Pagesreuse, reduce and recycling program. Our community recycling proposal concerns one aspect of such a comprehensive recycling program. Our proposal is to help our community club house save money while generating new revenue, expanding the existing recycling program, and to build a sense of community. This proposal was prepared by clubhouse meetings, research, and substantial continued community support. This proposal is designed to answer the following questions, would a recycling program make senseRead MoreProposal For Reducing Carbon Emission1547 Words   |  7 PagesProposal to Reduce Carbon Emission Introduction All over the globe, concerns about the increasing levels of harm that modern organizations pose to the environment have been prevalent. There is need to ensure that companies invest in strategies and solutions that will enable them to reduce the amount and extent of harm caused by their operations to the planet s finite resources (Parry, 2012). It is against this background that the management of E227 Global Solutions has embarked on measures aimedRead MoreWaste Reduction And Zero Waste Strategies Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract This paper attempts to describe the Waste Reduction and Zero Waste strategies that were developed in a waste management infrastructure. It also attempts to give a zero waste analysis for product waste for a particular South African Case Study. The case study is for two communities that are located near a landfill site. One is recognized as an official settlement while the other is informal. Due to the fact that the waste produced by the two communities is directed to the landfill, the resultsRead MoreProject Analysis : Recycling Waste Materials1680 Words   |  7 Pagesneeds to reduce its carbon footprint by 25 percent. This report provides a proposal of the strategy that can be used by the firm s leadership to realize its goals concerned with environment conservation. Recycling waste materials has a lot of benefits for both the organization and its various stakeholders. Compared to other alternatives, the proposed strategy is the most appropriate and efficient. 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Compare Of PMBOK with PRINCE2-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Define the Project Methodology and the role that it serves in Project Management. 2.Discuss about the Compare and contrast of PMBOK with PRINCE2 project methodology. 3.How PRINCE2 is related to project life cycle. Answers: 1.Definition of project methodology and the role that it serves in project management According to Brioso (2015, pp.76), project methodology is mainly defined as the combination of different logically related processes, practices as well as methods that generally helps in determining the procedure to develop, plan, control and deliver a project within the entire continuous implementation procedure until successful termination as well as completion within the project is achieved. On the other hand, it is stated by Chaves et al., (2016, pp.28) that project methodology is a model that is mainly utilized by the project managers in order to employ planning, designing, implementation as well as achievement of varies project objectives. Moreover, it is opined by Coppola, D'Ambrogio and Gianni (2016, pp.8) that project methodology is one of the critical success factors as well as one of the core competency of the project management team that generally helps in avoiding failures as well as reducing project related risks. Project methodologies are generally a series of various types of processes that are mainly designed to complete the project related task within proper time by handling the issues that arises within the project. It is used as it mainly helps in guiding the project by providing proper steps to follow in order to meet the project goals and objectives (Brioso, 2015, pp.77). In addition to this, there are number of other benefits that project gets with the utilization project methodologies. The benefits include: Involve project staff: The utilization of project methodology within project management assists in overcoming the challenges as well as issues by creating proper situation in which the staffs are involved and hence from the conceptual stage they got involved within the project. Clarify the project goals: Project management methodology not only clarifies the goal of the project but it also assists in checking the feasibility of the project in order to identify the benefits that are associated with the project (Chaves et al., 2016, pp.28). Proper feasibility analysis is needed before the initiation of the project in order to make sure that the project will be executed successfully as per the goals and objectives of the project. Track the project: Project methodology helps in tracking the objectives of the project in order to ensure that the activities of the project are successfully executing in context to quality perspective. Tracking project activities also helps in resolving issues and challenges that are associated with the project. 2.Compare and contrast of PMBOK with PRINCE2 project methodology The similarities of PMBOK and PRINCE2 methodology are provided below: Similarities: It is identified that both PMBOK and PRINCE2 project management methodology helps in providing an internationally proven approach that is quite useful as well as beneficial for implementing projects. It is stated by Joslin andMuller (2015, pp.1377) that both PRINCE2 project methodologies as well as PMBOK are considered as best practices of project management. In addition to this, both PRINCE2 as well as PMBOK serves as a good foundation for successfully doing different types of projects. The differences of PMBOK and PRINCE2 methodology are provided in the table below: PMBOK PRINCE2 Differences 1. The PMBOK (Project Management body of Knowledge) is mainly intended to encapsulate all the different types of knowledge that is mainly related to project management (Hornstein 2015, pp.291). 2. It generally helps in providing guidance as well as knowledge on project management process, leadership and interpersonal skills. 3. It main aim is to guide different aspects of project management 4. PMBOK generally helps in illustrating the roles of the project manager 1. PRINCE2 is one of the methodology or process that helps in managing a project in any sector which generally helps in improving the chances of successful project outcomes. 2. It generally helps in aligning the business case throughout the lifecycle of the project and assist in defining various roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders of the project (Stark, 2015, pp.27). 3. It mainly helps in guiding practical project based on various principles of project methodology 4. PRINCE2 methodology assists in defining the roles of every staffs of the project that are mainly related with the project including project board members, project planner, human resource manager, financial manager, supervisor as well as risk analyst (JoslinMuller, 2015, pp.1388). 3.PRINCE2 is related to project life cycle According to Brioso (2015, pp.77), Project life cycle is mainly defined as one of the four step procedure that is mainly followed by the project managers while proceeding with the different stages of project completion. It generally assists in providing a framework that helps in managing any type of project within the business. Similarly, PRINCE2 project methodology is one of the process based method that is mainly utilized for managing the project effectively. PRINCE2 methodology breaks a project in seven stages within its life cycle in order to complete the project successfully. The stages of the project include starting stage, initiation stage, managing stage, controlling stage, managing product delivery stage and closure stage of the project (Al-Zwainy, Mohammed Raheem, 2016, pp.2494). Thus, it is identified that PRINCE2 methodology is a project life cycle based processes that helps in successfully executing the project. The PRINCE2 project life cycle do not initiate with proper original need, feasibility studies as well as solutions and thus they are considered as an input for the project life cycle. Additionally, it is found to be quite important to ensure that PRINCE2 project lifecycle is utilized within the project in order to carry out the project work by splitting it into different manageable phases. References Al-Zwainy, F. M. S., Mohammed, I. A., Raheem, S. H. (2016). Investigation and assessment of the project management methodology in Iraqi construction sector.International Journal of Applied Engineering Research,11(4), 2494-2507. Brioso, X. (2015). Integrating ISO 21500 guidance on project management, lean construction and PMBOK.Procedia Engineering,123, 76-84. Chaves, M. S., Arajo, C. D., Teixeira, L., Rosa, D., Jnior, I., Nogueira, C. (2016). A new approach to managing Lessons Learned in PMBoK process groups: the Ballistic 2.0 Model.International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management,4(1), 27-45. Coppola, D., D'Ambrogio, A., Gianni, D. (2016).Bringing Model-based Systems Engineering Capabilities to Project Management: an Application to PRINCE2. InCIISE(pp. 6-15 Hornstein, H. A. (2015). The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), 291-298. Joslin, R., Mller, R. (2015).Relationships between a project management methodology and project success in different project governance contexts.International Journal of Project Management,33(6), 1377-1392. Stark, J. (2015). Product lifecycle management. InProduct Lifecycle Management (Volume 1)(pp. 1-29). Springer, Cham.

Politics, Institutions and Project Finance The Dabhol Power Project

Background The Dabhol Power project was controversial from start. This came at a time when India opened the power sector to foreign direct investments. In an attempt to attract investors to finance the sector, Indian officials visited US to seek investment and technological resources for the sector.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Politics, Institutions and Project Finance: The Dabhol Power Project specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During this visit, Enron officials expressed their interest in commissioning a private power plant. In June, Enron official visited the site in India. The project cost amounted to US$3.1 billion. There was hurry in signing the agreement for the cost of the project. â€Å"Neither central nor state government engaged independent technical assistance or conducted a financial appraisal of the project and the main contract was concluded without competitive bidding of any kind† (C ustom Book, 2011). Two months after signing the contract, Enron submitted a comprehensive implementation proposal. According to the proposal, execution of the project was to be in two phases. Phase one involved construction of 695MW gas fired power station. Phase two involved construction of additional 1,320MW gas fire plant. The total capacity of the plant was to be 2015MW. In May 1999, completion of phase one occurred. The Maharashtra government proposed to stop the project because the power produced was too much expensive. Maharashtra State Electricity Board defaulted on payments to Dabhol Power Corporation. These problems continued for some time. Thereafter, the board of Dabhol Power Corporation authorized the management to terminate the contract any time (Custom Book, 2011). This treatise discusses the inherent risks in the project.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Risk Breakdown Structure Risk management is necessary before and during execution of a project. The process of risk management attempts to identify and assess risks. This process allows for clear understanding of risk and effective management of risk. A project manager needs to mitigate risks so as to ensure success of a project (Hillson Simon, 2007). A project manager can use various models to assess risk of a project. According to Hillson (2002), risk breakdown structure is a â€Å"source oriented grouping of project risks that organizes and defines the total risk exposure of the project. Each descending level represents an increasingly detailed definition of sources of risk to the project† (Hillson, 2002). Therefore, this structure breaks down risk in various categories. Risk breakdown structure for the Dabhol Project is as shown below. Table 1.0 Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Project Risk Political Changing political environment Political instability Bureaucracy In efficiency Slow moving administration of state Conflict in prices over approved projects. Re-examination of prices Approval of projects without proper appraisal Lack of survey of the political environment Economic Currency Fluctuations in currency since the project was in US dollars Inflation resulting from high cost of the project Commercial Expensive power purchase agreement Lack of proper valuation of the project Lack of environmental scan such as PESTLE analysis Lack of approval of the project by the relevant authorities Lack of appraisal of the project Unfavorable labor market Lack of analysis of the conditions of the foreign direct investments Instability of financial markets in India Lack of expertise to execute the project in the host country Unavailability of raw materials High cost of externalities Failure to analyze the sources of funds Environmental and human rights Environmental damage Pollution of fresh water Diversion of fresh water to the project Contamination of salt water which affects aquatic animal Land grabbing for the project. Human rights Harassment of protest leaders Arrogance to the staff members and lack of transparency Violation of human rights Lack of involving the community in planning and execution of the project Legal Consistency the Indian laws Some of the elements in the agreement may not agree with Indian laws Stringent laws in the host country Potentially most critical risks A risk breakdown structure lists down all possible risks of a project in different categories such as legal, technological, political environment, competition, human rights, economic, and management. These categories depend on the nature of the project. Risk breakdown structure helps in comparing projects or tenders. It also helps in risk reporting. A project with high risk exposure is likely to be unattractive.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Politics, Institutions and Project Finance: The Dabhol Power Project spe cifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From the risk breakdown structure, it is apparent that some risks are more critical than others. Therefore, it is necessary to separate the risks based on their impact on a project. From the above breakdown, the most critical risks of the project are political, economic, political, environmental and human rights (Heldman, 2005). A list of these risks is as summarized below. Table 1.1 List of risks Rank Level 1 Level 2 1 Political Change in political environment 2 Economic Currency Commercial 3 Environmental and human rights Environmental damage Human rights Analysis of nature of each risk and the factors that cause them Political risk The Dabhol Project occurred when the country had changing political environment. Politics determines approval and survival of such projects. Approval of the multibillion dollar project highly depends on the political leaders. The contract with Enron was legal ly valid and had nothing to do with politics. However, the buyer of the Dabhol product was the state (Maharashtra State Electricity Board). Therefore, Enron had to maintain a relationship with its customer (government). â€Å"Problems arose since it failed essentially to notice that power and politics permeate deals with government† (Custom Book, 2011). â€Å"MSEB rescinded the power contract in May 2001 because it was too expensive† (Custom Book, 2011). Therefore, lack of support from the government led to collapse of the project. Enron pulled out from the project and quoted a price for its equity in the company.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is also apparent that the government also barred state owned companies from buying a stake in Dabhol. Failure to appraise the financial implications of the project by the Indian Government led to collapse of the project. Economic risk Maharashtra State Electricity Board was the sole buyer of Dabhol Corporation’s product. With a single buyer, the project faced a risk of collapse in the event that the buyer withdrew. The sole buyer withdrew from the project. This led to its collapsed (Crouhy, Galai and Mark, 2006). There was no survey of the market conditions of the project. Environmental and human rights A project manager should be cautious about damage on the environment inform of pollution. Also, it should be conscious about human rights. A project can face resistance as a result of lack of adherence with these two. The Dabhol project led to â€Å"pollution of fresh water, diversion of fresh water to the project site, potential contamination of salt water, and land acqui sition† (Custom Book, 2011). It also led to brutal handling of the people who protested against the project. The project faced opposition from the community at large, human rights activists and environmentalists. This is because they ignored public complaints about the project. Termination of this project was the best option for the public. References Crouhy, M., Galai, D. Mark, R. (2006). The essentials of risk management. United States of America: McGraw Hill Companies. Custom Book, (2011). Project risk management: Casepack 2011. New York: John Wiley Sons. Heldman, K. (2005). Project manager’s spotlight on risk management. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Hillson, D. Simon, P. (2007). Practical project risk management: The ATOM methodology. Vienna, VA.: Management Concepts. Hillson D. (2002). Use a risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) to understand your risks. Web. This case study on Politics, Institutions and Project Finance: The Dabhol Power Project was written and submitted by user Danny Garrett to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.