Battle of Amiens in World War I

Skirmish of Amiens in World War I The Battle of Amiens happened during World War I (1914-1918). The British hostile started on August 8, 1918, and the main stage adequately finished on August 11. Partners Marshal Ferdinand FochField Marshal Douglas HaigLieutenant General Sir Henry RawlinsonLieutenant General Sir John MonashLieutenant General Richard Butler25 divisions1,900 aircraft532 tanks Germans Generalquartiermeister Erich LudendorffGeneral Georg von der Marwitz29 divisions365 airplane Foundation With the annihilation of the 1918 German Spring Offensives, the Allies quickly moved to counterattack. The first of these was propelled in late July when French Marshal Ferdinand Foch opened the Second Battle of the Marne. An unequivocal triumph, Allied soldiers prevailing with regards to driving the Germans back to their unique lines. As the battling at the Marne faded around August 6, British soldiers were getting ready for a subsequent ambush close Amiens. Initially brought about by the authority of the British Expeditionary Force, Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, the assault was proposed to open rail lines close to the city. Seeing a chance to proceed with the achievement accomplished at the Marne, Foch demanded that the French First Army, just toward the south of the BEF, be remembered for the arrangement. This was at first opposed by Haig as the British Fourth Army had just built up its ambush plans. Driven by Lieutenant General Sir Henry Rawlinson, the Fourth Army expected to skirt the ordinary starter big guns assault for an unexpected assault drove by the huge scope utilization of tanks. As the French needed enormous quantities of tanks, a barrage would be important to mellow the German resistances on their front. The Allied Plans Meeting to talk about the assault, British and French authorities had the option to strike a trade off. The First Army would partake in the attack, in any case, its development would begin forty-five minutes after the British. This would permit the Fourth Army to accomplish shock yet license the French to shell German situations before assaulting. Preceding the assault, the Fourth Armys front comprised of the British III Corps (Lt. Gen. Richard Butler) north of the Somme, with the Australian (Lt. Gen. Sir John Monash) and Canadian Corps (Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur Currie) toward the south of the waterway. In the days earlier the assault, outrageous endeavors were made to guarantee mystery. These included dispatching two forces and a radio unit from the Canadian Corps to Ypres with an end goal to persuade the Germans that the whole corps was being moved to that territory. Moreover, British trust in the strategies to be utilized was high as they had been effectively tried in a few confined ambushes. At 4:20 AM on August 8, British ordnance started shooting at explicit German targets and furthermore gave a sneaking flood before the development. Pushing Ahead As the British started pushing ahead, the French initiated their primer siege. Striking General Georg von der Marwitzs Second Army, the British accomplished total astonishment. South of the Somme, the Australians and Canadians were bolstered by eight contingents of the Royal Tank Corps and caught their first targets by 7:10 AM. Toward the north, the III Corps involved their first target at 7:30 AM in the wake of progressing 4,000 yards. Opening a vast fifteen-mile long gap in the German lines, British powers had the option to shield the foe from mobilizing and squeezed the development. By 11:00 AM, the Australians and Canadians had pushed ahead three miles. With the adversary falling back, British mounted force pushed ahead to misuse the penetrate. The development north of the stream was more slow as the III Corps was upheld by less tanks and experienced substantial obstruction along a lush edge close Chipilly. The French likewise had achievement and pushed ahead around five miles before sunset. By and large, the Allied development on August 8 was seven miles, with the Canadians infiltrating eight. Throughout the following two days, the Allied development proceeded, however at a more slow rate. Outcome By August 11, the Germans had come back to their unique, pre-Spring Offensives lines. Named the Blackest Day of the German Army by Generalquartiermeister Erich Ludendorff, August 8 saw an arrival to versatile fighting just as the principal huge acquiescences of German soldiers. By the finish of the principal stage on August 11, Allied misfortunes numbered 22,200 executed injured and missing. German misfortunes were a surprising 74,000 slaughtered, injured, and caught. Trying to proceed with the development, Haig propelled a second attack on August 21, with the objective of taking Bapaume. Squeezing the adversary, the British got through southeast of Arras on September 2, constraining the Germans to withdraw to the Hindenburg Line. The British accomplishment at Amiens and Bapaume drove Foch to design the Meuse-Argonne Offensive which finished the war later that fall. Chosen Sources History of War: Battle of AmiensFirst World War: Battle of AmiensBritish Army in World War I: Battle of Amiens

Short Story the Most Dangerous Game Free Essays

Sanger Rainsford is an American tracker (p. 68) and book-writer(p. 71) in the short story â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game†. We will compose a custom paper test on Short Story the Most Dangerous Game or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Rainsford was abandoned on the island â€Å"Ship-Trap Island† because of his yacht falling into pieces from hitting the obscure, inconspicuous banks in the water(p. 69). Rainsford was the main overcomer of the wreck. When Rainsford was walking on the island, he followed strides paving the way to an unpredictable house. Much to his dismay that he was strolling into the home of General Zaroff, a Russian aristocratic(p. 2) major game tracker, who before long got uninterested in chasing creatures any longer, he would much rather chase people due to their intellect(p. 74-75). Ivan was a hard of hearing; exceptionally uneducated, hard of hearing, Russian man who was an associate to General Zaroff(p. 72). The story â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† happens on a little island named â€Å"Ship-Trap Island†(p. 67). The island is called â€Å"Ship-Trap Island† on the grounds that it had no admonitions of banks that ships regularly sink/crash their vessels on.The Most Dangerous Game† was in the time period of about the mid 1920s(p. 66). Rainsford was given three days to get by against Ivan and General Zaroff in a destructive hunt(p. 76). Zaroff was exceptionally eager to chase Rainsford in light of the fact that he realized that Rainsford had information and strategies on the topic chasing, and General Zaroff adored a challange. On the principal night of the chase, General Zaroff gets Sanger Rainsford by getting him in a tree, yet Zaroff chose to save his life, for he needed an all the more testing game(p. 9). Saving Rainsford’s life was a dangerous mix-up for Zaroff, in light of the fact that at long last, Rainsford snuck up on Zaroff and murdered him(p. 83). â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† was told by the storyteller in third individual viewpoint. The storyteller was restricted omniscient, he portrayed the character’s activities, however he didn't depict their considerations and thoughts. The topic that I gained from this story was that the tracker turned into the pursued, which means it’s not simple to know how somebody feels without going for a stroll from their point of view. Toward the start of the story before the yacht collided with the banks, Rainsford expressed that chasing is the best game on the planet, however Whitney answered that it is for the tracker, yet not the panther (p. 68). The mind-set that I felt most in this story was tension. One occasion occurred after another, for example, when the yacht smashed (p. 69), Rainsford heard three firearm shots from a what appeared to be an island with complete opening (p. 69). This story consistently made them foresee for the following exciting occasion. Step by step instructions to refer to Short Story the Most Dangerous Game, Papers

Advice On How To Choose Good Presentation Topics

Advice On How To Choose Good Presentation TopicsPresentation topics are not always the same as they used to be. Although some topics are easy to organize, this does not always work when it comes to giving a well-rounded presentation. The job of your presenter is to lead the audience through your presentation so that they come away with more information than they came in with.Regardless of the type of topics you choose, you have to make sure that the presenter has all of the tools necessary to deliver an engaging and informative presentation. When choosing topics, make sure that your presenter does not only give you the basics. Rather, make sure that the presenter gives you a full day's worth of content. Then, make sure that the presenter does not leave any of the content out.The most important thing that you can do when it comes to finding good presentation topics is to pick topics that you feel comfortable with. Avoid the temptation to try to be too broad when selecting topics. It i s much better to narrow the topic down. Don't be afraid to present a broader topic, because the audience will appreciate the effort and will look forward to seeing you speak again.One thing to remember is that you should not jump into a certain topic too quickly. You should give the audience a chance to ask questions. After all, if you spend a few minutes guiding the audience through the material, they will be more apt to remember what you had to say.Of course, you will find that it is easier to select good presentation topics when you get feedback from others who have done presentations before. This way, you can see how successful people perform in presenting topics. Some people will let you ask questions about their topics. Others may provide suggestions on how you can change the presentation.If you think that you are good at presenting topics, it is time to get advice from others. Of course, you will be able to find excellent speakers online if you use an online presentation dire ctory. While you are there, you can also look for audio recording services that will allow you to record your presentation in the comfort of your own home.Of course, the audience may end up being more interested in the presentation when they hear you talk than when you read it. When you are speaking, you want to keep the pace of the presentation. In addition, you want to make sure that you are talking about important topics that will interest the audience. Once you have spoken, take the opportunity to review the materials so that you can provide the audience with the information that they need.The importance of presenting your presentation topics properly cannot be overstated. So many different things can go wrong, and the entire presentation can become the center of attention. In order to keep the audience engaged, it is imperative that you present topics that you know well and that you can deliver.

Sophocles Antigone An Ancient Greek Writer And...

Antigone Sophocles is an Ancient Greek writer and philosopher, who wrote one of the greatest stories of all tome Antigone. Sophocles is also said to be one of the greatest minds in achievements and times of Sophocles’. Sophocles was born about 496 BC at Colonus in Attica, near Athens and died 406 BC. He lived in the most brilliant intellectual period of Athens. Sophocles, his father, was a wealthy Athenian citizen and gave him a sound education in music, gymnastics, and dancing. He was well known as having a reputation for leaving and esthetic taste. He was well versed in Homer and the Greek lyric poets, and because of his industriousness he was known as the â€Å"Attic Bee’’. Do to his youthful beauty, he was chosen to lead the chorus in†¦show more content†¦Sophocles wrote more than 120 tragedies, only a mear seven have survived. â€Å"Plutarch tells us that there were three periods in Sophocles’ literary developed: imitation of the grand style of Aesc hylus, use of artificial and incisive style, and use of the best style and that which is most expressive of character. It is only from the third period we have examples of.† The seven tragedies that survive are Ajax 447 BC, Antigone 442/441 BC, Oedipus at Colonus 401 BC, and Tracheniae 437-432 BC, Oedipus Rex as a perfect tragedy. Sophocles made many improvements to plays such as adding scene painting and a third actor. He increased the number of the chorus from twelve to fifteen, and reduced the proportion of the play given to the chorus, thereby accelerating the progress of the action; he also made better tragic masks and made many other technical improvements. A grandmaster in the delineation of characters, he is credited with the invention of the heroic maiden, and the ingenuous young man. Antigone is the young princess who pits herself against her uncle, King Creon. She defies his cruel judgement forbidding the burial of her brother Polyneicess who in attempt to invade Th ebes and seize the thrown from his brother Eteocles, slew himself into mortal combat and in turn was slain. Against the pleas of her sister Ismene and her fiancà © Haemon. Antigone goes to her death holding to her defiance and buries Polyneicess. The theme of Antigone had

Psoriasis The Genetic And Immune Mediated Implications

Psoriasis: The Genetic and Immune-Mediated Implications Psoriasis is a common chronic autoimmune disorder that is characterized as having an immune-mediated inflammatory pathology which presents with skin lesions that vary in severity. Affecting nearly 3% of the world population (Jadali Eslami 2014) the cause of psoriasis in not fully understood, but there is considerable evidence that points to genetic, environmental, and immunological factors that influence the disease. Psoriasis is largely associated as a skin disorder that presents with lesions that form raised, red, scaly patches which can be very uncomfortable to an affected individual. The effects of this disease primarily target the skin tissues but can disturb many other organ systems as well, resulting in negative implications affecting the health of an individual system wide. Psoriasis has even been linked with increased risks of other common illnesses including certain cancers, heart disease, as well as other immune disorders like Crohn’s disease and ulcerati ve colitis (Menter et al. 2008). Psoriasis is non-contagious and is thought to have a largely genetic component that is triggered by environmental factors such as stress or allergens. The result of these triggers is an overproduction of new skin cells, which build up to form raised silvery patches called plaques. There is no cure for psoriasis, therefore treatments focus on the relief and control of symptoms. A number ofShow MoreRelatedEssay On Implication Of JK-STAT1490 Words   |  6 PagesImplications of JAK-STAT in disease So far, we have seen that this pathway is accountable for the transduction of extracellular stimulus into transcriptional factors that regulate several cellular functions. STATs are also known to exert additional functions such as affecting oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, regulating chromatin compliance and epigenetic markings in the nucleus and interacting with the microtubule components in the cytoplasm which are responsible for cellular motility (4)Read MoreCase Study on Hypokalemia8797 Words   |  36 Pagesexplanation and diagram. 9. To discuss the ideal and actual medical management for the subject. 10. To interpret the diagnostic and laboratory test result and its corresponding nursing clinical implications. 11. To discuss the different medication given and its corresponding nursing responsibilities 12. To discuss implication of different nursing theorist. 13. To formulate effective nursing care plan based on actual and potential health needs. 14. To give out recommendation and health teaching applicable toRead MoreSocm Study Guide Essay30404 Words   |  122 Pagesmovement; transport; buffers; defense; control and coordination of activities | Nucleic acids | C, H, O, N, and P; nucleotides composed of phosphates, sugars, and nitrogenous bases | Obtained in diet or manufactured | Storage and processing of genetic information | High-energy compounds | Nucleotides joined to phosphates by high-energy bonds | Synthesized by all cells | Storage or transfer of energy | 10 Describe the role of enzymes in the metabolism - Enzymes are special proteins that

The Psychosocial Factors That Impacted Behavior And Action...

In this assignment, students are required to identify experiences of intrapsychic, interpersonal, and group-to-group conflicts. In addition to writing a brief description of the psychosocial factors influence that impacted behavior and action the conflict events. Types of Conflict Values Personality Emotional Intelligence Conflict Style Intrapsychic X A person applied for a position with the organization. The prospective employee was a member of a religious community that commanded the wearing of head wraps. The day of interview the prospective employee asked if it was acceptable to wear the head wrap to work. The hiring manager said yes the organization would permit the wearing of the head wrap. The employee worked effectively for three month. The organization changed the leaders and policies was developed and implemented a dress code and wearing heads wrap was not adequate for organization work environment. The hiring manager informed the employee of the new polices. The employee desperately needed the job, however; the religious community would not allow public appearances without head covering. Intrapsychic was the employee conflict and the experience was a faith crisis. The psychosocial factors perspective was personality which causes a person who was routinely pleasant and calm, to response with emotions and outraged, when the hiring informed the employee of the new dress code polices. Types of Conflict Values Personality Emotional IntelligenceShow MoreRelatedMy Mother Who Has Played A Very Important Role Within My Life Essay1374 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship between time and human behaviors. â€Å"Biological, psychological, and social factors act independently, cumulatively, and interactively to shape people’s lives from conception to death†(). These events shape a person’s life based on event histories, and are impacted from different periods within their lives. 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Marketing Plan for Coca Cola Australia †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Marketing Plan For Coca Cola Australia? Answer: Introduction Developing a marketing plan includes many researches on different important sectors such as target customers and appropriate market. Marketing plan is a primary stage before sending the product for the market exposure. The plan is made in accordance to the marketing etiquettes, which is very much required while campaigning and marketing a new product (Hollensen 2015). This assignment would try to propose some strategies for a marketing plan for the Coca-Cola Company in Australia. The main purpose of this assignment would be to propose a marketing plan for varied range of products of Coca-Cola in Australia. Moreover, the paper would check every required parameter for a marketing plan development. Identifying market segment To identify the right market segment for the product is of utmost importance for the company. This is because of the fact that a particular product can never target the entire market. Moreover, this would reduce the affirmative control of the company on the customer base. Market segmentation does reduce the area of market and divides it into several segments, which helps the company concentrate on selective types of consumers. This further helps the company become more consumer specific, which is cost-effective as well as healthier for an improved business performance (Westwood 2016). Following are some of the necessary market segmentation for the Coca-Cola products: Psychographic segmentation This is one of the very important factors for segmenting the market as this includes segmenting consumers based on their lifestyles, interest and attitudes. The targeted consumer would be of the age group (14-43). However, it is not necessary that it is only limited to this age group. Moreover, those who are very health conscious and are diabetic patients, they would also be targeted. The chosen products are in varied range such as diet coke, Coca-Cola classic, Coca-Cola with Stevia and zero sugar coke. The chosen products are of different kinds such as low o sugar, zero on sugar and high on sugar. Moreover, the market segmentation would be done accordingly. The less sugar-contained products would be segmented by advertising the speciality into such market, which has health conscious customers in it (Boone and Kurtz 2013). Behaviouristic segmentation This kind of market segmentation targets those customers who are loyal to the brand. The company can use its available data on its existing customers for analyzing the potential loyal customers of the company (Terpstra, Foley and Sarathy 2012). Geographic segmentation This is the segmentation of products based on suitable geographic places for the products in concern. For example, Nestle promotes Nescafe in the colder parts of world for an entire long year; however, to other parts of world, the company goes with the winter season in particular. The market segmentation for the Coca-Cola would be those people of Australia who are living in comparatively hotter parts of the country such as Darwin, Brisbane, Sydney, Perth and Adelaide. These are some cities, which have high temperatures even during the winter season (Babin and Zikmund 2015). The Coca-Cola or any other soft drinks are always a good option for the people living in some hotter parts of world. People living in the hotter parts of world finds thing difficult to adjust to the hotter weather condition. They then do some alternative option to provide them some sort of relieves from the scorching heat of Sun. For example, they wear cotton made clothes, which is a bad a bsorber of sunlight and hence, it is a good resource of less heat. On a same note, people living in hotter parts of world find beverages as a better option against scorching heat. Nevertheless, Coca-Cola is one of the kinds of beverage, which people living in some hotter parts of world finds suitable to their needs (Baker 2014). Figure 1: Market Segmentation Source: (Boone and Kurtz 2013) Suitable market targets The suitable target market is very important in reaching to the targeted industry. To launch a product, it is imperative to reach to the targeted industry. For the marketing of Coca-Cola, the targeted market would be the Beverages industry. In the beverages market, people have different choices such as wine, bear, energy and health drink and soft drinks (Wilson and Gilligan 2012). Figure 2: Suitable Market Target Source: (Palmer 2012) Needs analysis Different products serve different needs such as Coca-Cola with Stevia and Zero Sugar Coke is less harmful for the diabetic patients. The highly growing concerns towards the health conscious activities are binding up customers with the essence of healthcare diets. Nevertheless, soft drinks such as Coca-Cola and other competitors can never serve the purpose of health betterment. People have now become habituated of having cold drinks at different occasions such as at parties, at social gatherings and the personal fulfilment. This is something, which has attracted the Coca-Cola Company towards the marketing of its different products in Australia, as it has both for the health conscious people and for those who love to enjoy (Armstrong et al. 2014). SWOT analysis Strengths Widely popular company Wide range of products and relevant customers loyalty to the companies Brand value Weaknesses Rising case of obesity Rising concerns for the healthier drinks Opportunities Large number of hotter cities in Australia Industry is growing Threats Product imitation as the concept can be easily copied by some other competitors such as Pepsi Customer behaviour, which is highly volatile in nature Table 1: SWOT analysis Source: (created by author) The company is basically a manufacturer of different kinds of soft drinks; however, the changing dimensions of the world and the changing drinking behaviour of customers are a potential threat to the product. People now days are more inclined towards health drinks. They are less driven towards the normal soft drinks. The only major driven point towards the soft drinks is the weather conditions and the lifestyles of the Australian people. These are the two factors, which is the main sell point for irrespective kinds of soft drinks in the market (Czinkota and Ronkainen 2013). Market environment analysis PESTLE analysis Political The local government of Australia is very supportive to the different kinds of industries in the country During the recession in the year 2007, US and European countries did feel the heat of recession but Australia could somehow manage its resources The local government of Australia hardly intervene in the industrial affairs, which is a good sign for the new product launch Political condition is very stable in the country, which is a good sign for the new product launch Economy Highly notable capital growth in the country is a good sign for the new product launch Hold good during the time of recession in the year 2007 Stable economy Social People are adequate with the usage of Stevia as they have already used this in their regular drinks at home High consumption rates Good number of rich family Technology The local government is well supportive in nature It funds around 55% to the advancement of technology Have efficient research development centres such as CSIRO Technical advancement are attracting other companies towards the same product and thereby enhancing the market competition Environmental Notable number of hotter cities such as Darwin Notable number of hot cities during the time of winter such as Sydney Suitable climatic conditions for the consumption of cold drinks Legal Consumption and selling of cold drinks at different schools is prohibited The local government believes that soft drinks are a good resource to several medical disease such as Obesity Table 2: Market Environment analysis Source: (created by author) The market environment analysis of Australia clearly suggests that Coca-Cola should restrict its customer base with the proposed product launch and it should confine this to a limited number of customers. This should never include school children as selling of cold drinks at school premises is highly prohibited. However, the technological advancement and the flourishing economy of the country can encourage the company for the marketing of the products (Palmer 2012). This is because of the fact that the GDP growth per capita of the country is amongst the top countries, which performed better than some big names such as UK and US during the recession in 2007. This further means that average people in the country is capable enough of enjoying their lives, which also mean that they are highly inclined towards the every medium of luxury. The stable local government is also a handful weapon for the success of Coca-Cola (Kotler et al. 2015). Marketing mix Product 1. Coca-Cola Classic 2. Coca-Cola Zero Sugar 3. Coca-Cola with Stevia 4. Coca-Cola Mini Cans Price 1. Starting from AU$3.20 2. Starting from AU$3.50 3. Starting from AU$7.50 4. Starting from AU$8.50 Place Hot cities in Australia such as Brisbane, Darwin, Perth, Sydney and Adelaide Promotion PR campaign Online advertisements Newspaper advertisements Table 3: Marketing Mix Source: (Singh 2012) The products would be in several varieties, which include but are not limited to such as Coca-Cola Classic, Coca-Cola Zero Sugar, Coca-Cola with Stevia and Coca-Cola Mini Cans . The products would be launched on the selective regions initially. The places are such as Sydney, Perth, Brisbane and Darwin. This is because of the fact that these places have very hot climate even during the winter season. The launch of the product would be done by using some selective marketing communication tools such as PR and Advertisements (McKenzie-Mohr 2013). Figure 3: Marketing Mix Source: (Singh 2012) Conclusion The marketing planning for the different Coca-Cola products give a clear indication towards a fact that the product has its own customer base, which is based in different hot regions in Australia. However, defining the success of the product is hard to predict. This is because of the fact that the customers desire is volatile in nature. They sometimes throng to cold drinks to have some relief from the summer hot. However, they are also inclining towards the health related drinks such as Red Bull. The highly incrementing danger of cold drinks on the health is a concern for the new product launch. However, the socio-cultural lives in Australia do favour the flourish of the industry. The socio-cultural factors that exist in Australia is highly favouring to the successful marketing and outcomes of the different products of the Coca-Cola. Most of the Australian cities are hot regions such as Darwin, Perth, Sydney etc. These cities have high temperatures even during the winter season. Ther efore, the higher temperatures in most notable parts of Australia and their social lives are all a potential factors for the success of the business. Nevertheless, the products would face stiff competition from some other brands heath drinks such as Red Bull. The growing concern for healthier drinks is the one problem, which can make situations tough for the success in Australia References Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. and Kotler, P., 2014.Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Babin, B.J. and Zikmund, W.G., 2015.Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Baker, M.J., 2014.Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Boone, L.E. and Kurtz, D.L., 2013.Contemporary marketing. Cengage learning. Czinkota, M.R. and Ronkainen, I.A., 2013.International marketing. Cengage Learning. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Kotler, P., Keller, K.L., Manceau, D. and Hmonnet-Goujot, A., 2015.Marketing management(Vol. 14). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. McKenzie-Mohr, D., 2013.Fostering sustainable behavior: An introduction to community-based social marketing. New society publishers. Palmer, A., 2012.Introduction to marketing: theory and practice. Oxford University Press. Singh, M., 2012. Marketing mix of 4Ps for competitive advantage.Journal of Business and Management,3(6), pp.40-45. Terpstra, V., Foley, J. and Sarathy, R., 2012.International marketing. Naper Press. West, D., Ford, J. and Ibrahim, E., 2015.Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press. Westwood, J., 2016.How to write a marketing plan. Kogan Page Publishers. Wilson, R.M. and Gilligan, C., 2012.Strategic marketing management. Routledge.

The Impact Of Sexual Abuse Reaches All Levels Of A Childs Emotions. Th

The impact of sexual abuse reaches all levels of a childs emotions. These emotions and the effects are listed below: Confusion: This is usually the initial reaction of the child. They will usually question, "What is going on?" and " Is this right or wrong?". For a young child these types of questions can be an emense burden on their physcological development. Once the abuse begins the victim experience a tremnedous conflict with their emotions. They feel pleasant due to the attention they are recieving from the parent, as well as the sensual pleasure. On the other hand they experience pain, guilt, and anger for what is being done. The question, "Is this right or wrong?" posses the greatest conflict within the childs mind. The abuse feels so wrong yet the abuser insits it is okay, taking advantage of the childs mistrust and naivety. Below are the thoughts of an abused victim as she thinks back to her abuse and questions her father. It is an example of this mistrust as well as the conf usion which goes through a childs mind. "Since I was a little ten year old child, I had to deceive and hide from the world and my mother that my father tooka sexual interest in me. Remember how you taught me that art of deceit? First you put me in a situation that had to be kept a secret then you pledged me to secrecy...As a tenold child, what was I supposed to do? You are an intelligent man you figure out the options available to a ten year old in that position." (Rush, 1980) The abused will feel tremendous guilt for a numerous reasons: They feel they did nothing to stop the abuse therefore they are responsible and it should continue. They felt uncomfortable but the abuse was sometimes pleasureable. They somehow deserved and/or caused the abuse. A victim will usually feel this way when their self?esteem has diminshed and they have no more answers for what is happenning. "A nine year old girl had a nightmare and went to her fathers room for comfort but instead he sexually abused her . The girl then concluded that she caused the abuse by going to his room. The abuse thereafter continued and she now felt she deserved for it to continue." (Landau, 1990) This fictional example helps to further illustrate the final 2 points which were presented above. The guilt hits the child so hard that they are unable to clearly see reality. Another major source of guilt comes from the mother. Often when the mother is told about the abuse she will not want to believe the accusations and will blame the child. Other reasons for why the mother may pass guilt: 1) she may feel inequipped to challange the husbands domination in any area of life therefore she shes passes the husbands faults and looks at the child. 2) The mother doesn't want to lose her husband. She does not want to give up the security provided by her husband and will block out the abuse. The Impact Of Sexual Abuse Reaches All Levels Of A Childs Emotions. Th The impact of sexual abuse reaches all levels of a childs emotions. These emotions and the effects are listed below: Confusion: ? `` ?This is usually the initial reaction of the child. They will usually question, "What is going on?" and " Is this right or wrong?". For a young child these types of questions can be an emense burden on their physcological development. Once the abuse begins the victim experience a tremnedous conflict with their emotions. They feel pleasant due to the attention they are recieving from the parent, as well as the sensual pleasure. On the other hand they experience pain, guilt, and anger for what is being done. ? ?The question, "Is this right or wrong?" posses the greatest conflict within the childs mind. The abuse feels so wrong yet the abuser insits it is okay, taking advantage of the childs mistrust and naivety. Below are the thoughts of an abused victim as she thinks back to her abuse and questions her father. It is an example of this mistrust as well as the confusion which goes through a childs mind. ? ? ? ?"Since I was a little ten?year?old child, I had to deceive ?(#(#K ?and hide from the world and my mother that my father took? ?a sexual interest in me. Remember how you taught me that? ?art of deceit? First you put me in a situation that had to? ?be kept a secret then you pledged me to secrecy...As a ten ?year?old child, what was I supposed to do? You are an ?(#(#K ?intelligent man?you figure out the options available to a ?(#(#K ?ten?year?old in that position." (Rush, 1980)? ' P(P(P( Guilt: ? ?The abused will feel tremendous guilt for a numerous reasons: ? They feel they did nothing to stop the abuse therefore? ? they are responsible and it should continue.7 ? ? ? ? ? ? They felt uncomfortable but the abuse was sometimes pleasureable. ? ? ? They somehow deserved and/or caused the abuse. A victim will usually feel this way when their self?esteem has diminshed and they have no more answers for what is ? F ? ? ? happenning. ? ?"A nine?year?old girl had a nightmare and went to her? ?fathers room for comfort but instead he sexually abused her. ? ?The girl then concluded that she caused the abuse by going? ?to his room. The abuse thereafter continued and she now? ?felt she deserved for it to continue." (Landau, 1990) ? ? ? ?This fictional example helps to further illustrate the final2 points which were presented above. The guilt hits the child sohard that they are unable to clearly see reality. ? ?Another major source of guilt comes from the mother. Oftenwhen the mother is told about the abuse she will not want tobelieve the accusations and will blame the child. Other reasonsfor why the mother may pass guilt: 1) she may feel inequipped tochallange the husbands domination in any area of life thereforeshe shes passes the husbands faults and looks at the child. 2) The mother doesn't want to lose her husband. She does not wantto give up the security provided by her husband and will blockout the abuse. ? ?

Dance Helicap Essay Example

Dance Helicap Essay Example Dance Helicap Essay Dance Helicap Essay In 1967. Frank Dance proposed the communicating theoretical account called Dance’s Helix Model for a better communicating procedure. The name coiling comes from Helix which means an object holding a 3-dimensional form like that of a wire lesion uniformly around a cylinder or cone. He shows communicating as a dynamic and non-linear procedure. Theory Dance’s theoretical account emphasized the troubles of communicating. Frank Dance uses the signifier of a Helix to depict communicating procedure. He developed this theory based on a simple spiral which gets bigger and bigger as it moves or grows. The chief feature of coiling theoretical account of communicating is that it is evolutionary. Frank Dance explains the communicating procedure based on this Helix construction and compares it with communicating. In the Helix construction. the underside or starting is really little so it’s bit by bit moves upward in a dorsum and Forth round gesture which form the bigger circle in the top and it’s still moves farther. The whole procedure takes some clip to make. As like spiral. the communicating procedure starts really easy and defined little circle. Communicators portion information merely with little part of themselves to their relationships. Its bit by bit develops into following degree but which will take some clip to make and spread outing its boundaries to the following degree. Subsequently the communicators commit more and portion more parts themselves. Example When a kid is born the lone means of communicating is shouting. he/she calls for everything like hungriness. hurting. cold etc. . As the kid grows the agencies of communicating become wider and broader. He learns to makes noises so he learns linguistic communication to obtain attending and to carry through his demands. As a Helix the procedure of communicating in this instance started from shouting and later it developed into a complex and compound agencies. The Helical theoretical account of communicating is mostly dependent on its yesteryear. A kid learns to articulate a word in his simple categories and throughout his life he uses that word in the same manner he learnt. Just like that we used to respond to certain things in a certain manner in our childhood and such reactions and wonts stopping points with us everlastingly. The communicating evolves in the beginning in some simple signifiers so the same procedure of communicating develops based on the past activities. It develops further with alterations. Decision Frank Dance included the construct of clip in his theory. Something happens over the other will ever be based on the first event harmonizing to him. This theory of communicating was a topic to a figure of experimental researches. Even though this theoretical account of communicating clarifies everything there is a job of over simplification. Harmonizing to this theory a communicating procedure is the merchandise of what we learnt. Let us understand the theoretical account with the aid of an illustration. A kid from the really minute he comes to this universe starts pass oning. When a babe is born. the nurse hang-up his dorsum to do the kid call. If the kid doesn’t call. it is an indicant of a still born kid. What does shouting in this instance mention to? It is really a manner the kid is pass oning to his parents that he is alive. perfectly whole and hearty and ready to confront the challenges of the universe. As the kid grows up. he cries whenever he is hungry or expects something from his parents and sometimes merely for his parent’s attending. It is once more a child’s ain manner of conveying his message to the whole universe. When the same kid grows up and starts traveling to school. he shortly interacts with his parents. instructors. friends in the signifier of words. Now shouting really gets replaced by words or his address but one thing which is common is the procedure of communicating which existed since the child’s birth. Therefore the kid really started pass oning from the really first twenty-four hours of his life and has been pass oning all through till the present twenty-four hours. This explains one portion of coiling theoretical account of communicating. Harmonizing to the Helical theoretical account of communicating. the procedure of communicating evolves from the really birth of an person and continues till the bing minute. All life entities start pass oning from the really first twenty-four hours of their beginning. When seeds are planted. they convey the message to the nurseryman that they need to be watered day-to-day and should be treated good with fertilisers and manure. When a works emerges from the seed it besides starts pass oning its demand for H2O. sunshine. manure and fertilisers. therefore back uping the Helical theoretical account of communicating. The same besides applies for animate beings. birds. fishes and all life animals. Now allow us throw some more light on a existent life state of affairs An person in his simple categories learns to articulate a peculiar word or respond to a peculiar state of affairs. It has been observed that even though the kid grows up. he continues to articulate that peculiar word in the same manner as he did during his turning up yearss or for that affair. if the same state of affairs arises once more he would under all fortunes react in the same manner as he did in the yesteryear. The fright of the kid when all of a sudden the visible radiation goes away at dark ensuing in a complete blackout is present in his younger yearss every bit good as when he grows up. The above illustration once more makes the Helical theoretical account of communicating clear. Harmonizing to the Helical theoretical account as the procedure of communicating moves forward it besides comes back and is mostly dependent on the past behavior of the person. The theoretical account believes that communicating procedure is merely like a spiral which moves frontward every bit good as comes rearward and is dependent on the behavior forms of the past definitely with some alterations and alterations. As the kid grows up. he does do little alterations in his past organic structure motions or past pronunciation or facial looks. He makes certain alterations. alterations in his communicating and attempts to acquire rid of the communicating mistakes. An person will decidedly acquire less nervous in his teenage yearss as compared to his childhood yearss. therefore a little alteration in his behavior.

Operations Management and the Operations Manager Essay

Operations Management and the Operations Manager - Essay Example The operations manager is also responsible for the layout of the manufacturing plant and its structure, planning for the project management methods as well as the selection of the right equipment as well as replacement. The operations manager is also responsible for all the operational services such as scheduling and control of production, management of inventory, control and inspection of quality, traffic and handling if materials, as well as formulating and enforcing the implementation of equipment maintenance policies. An operations manager also is tasked with the responsibility of ensuring the smooth operations of various processes that add up to the production of various goods and services of an organization. This individual typically has a lot of responsibilities as he does a bit of just everything. In a bit just to summarize the responsibilities of an operational manager, it is worth stating that he is responsible for logistics management, budget management, operational strategizing, manage support services as well as managing third party relations (Opsman,

If you want high performance, recruitment and selection is the most Essay - 1

If you want high performance, recruitment and selection is the most important function in HRM. Get that right and everything else falls into place''. Discuss - Essay Example It is essential that the process of recruitment should be planned, organized, and performed in a way that will lead to success. In the process of recruiting employees, there is an element of prediction, which is not a favorable aspect for recruitment. Effective policies for recruitment are helpful in making the decisions in a more organized manner to achieve the degree of uncertainty. The implementation of the effective process for recruitment cannot be ignored; it requires the proper devotion of time and interest of the managers towards this responsibility for the well-being of the organization. Recruitment provides the opportunity to present a favorable conditions or a platform for an organization to grow and prosper by recruiting the right persons (Price, 2007). The main objective of recruitment and selection is to find the best and effective recruitment sources which will help in hiring the best individuals from the market. Moreover, the other important objective is to retain these employees in the organization. The success lies within the selection of the right candidate and providing them the right environment and right benefits. The organization needs to follow and implement the correct recruitment procedure: The first and most important function of recruitment is to identify the need of an individual to be hired, i.e. designing a job description. Specifying the areas where an employee will be required in the organization. It is important to consider the term and conditions and policies along with the core values of the organization (Jackson, Schuler, & Werner, 2009). It is the most creative part of the job. Searching for employees internally is not a big goal to achieve or may not give an interest of gaining an opportunity. Major factor is to create attraction for the outside employees to join the organization. This involves some foreign bodies to act in for recruitment and take

Criteria for a good short story Essay Example for Free

Criteria for a good short story Essay Does The Adventure of the Speckled Band meet your criteria for a good short story?  A short story is a work of fiction shorter than a novel or novelette, and is one of the oldest forms of literature. Some of the most famous short stories are The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer in the 14th Century. However, before the 1800s short stories did not get much respect, and were seen as a poor relation of the novel. At around 1835, Edgar Allen Poe became the first writer to make the short story a distinct literary form. After this the popularity of this form of literature grew in popularity due to short stories being published in magazines and journals, becoming widely available. The Adventure of the Speckled Band was written by Arthur Conan Doyle in 1892. It was published as part of a book of twelve short stories, all in the crime genre. Conan Doyle was and still is famous for his crime stories involving the great detective, Sherlock Holmes. Before taking up professional writing, Conan Doyle was a doctor. The first of the Sherlock Holmes stories was A Study in Scarlet and was published in 1887. The crime story genre was very popular in the 19th century, and many established writers wrote stories of this type. For example, Charles Dickens last, unfinished novel was The Mystery of Edwin Drood. This was a murder mystery and so shows how popular the genre had become. For any short story to be successful, especially the crime genre, the correct authorial perspective must be chosen. In The Adventure of the Speckled Band the perspective is that of Dr Watson, looking back over a previous case. I think that this is effective because the reader is able to relate to Watson, as he is following Sherlock Holmes. Watson also learns of the clues at the same times as the reader, but doesnt get an explanation. This creates tension and excitement and so the reader will read on to find out. For example, the reader knew there was a dummy bell rope, but it wasnt until Holmes explained it that we found out its actual use. If the narrative perspective had of been from Sherlock Holmes point of view, there would be no tension as he worked out the clues very quickly. We know the when Holmes saw the bell rope was a dummy, it instantly gave rise to the suspicion that the rope was there as a bridge for something passing through the hole and coming to the bed. Another option Conan Doyle could have chosen would be to have an omniscient narrator, who would know everything going on and everyones feelings. This, also, would have reduced the tension and atmosphere in the story. The plot of The Adventure of the Speckled Band is that of a typical nineteenth Century crime story. A young woman, Helen Stoner, comes to see Sherlock Holmes, after the strange circumstances surrounding her sisters death start to repeat themselves. Just before she got married, therefore getting her inheritance, she dies very mysteriously. Miss Stoner is very worried, and she is also set to be married. Holmes and Watson agree to help the young lady. However, before they set off for Stoke Moran, Dr Grimesby Roylott, Miss Stoners stepfather, pays them a visit and tries to threaten them into not going. This only encourages Holmes, who goes to the house, where he finds several clues in the bedrooms. Holmes decides to come back to the house at night and stay in Miss Stoners bedroom, to witness the strange events for himself. During the night, a snake crawls through the ventilator between Dr Roylott and Miss Stoners rooms. Holmes attacks it and it flees back, where it turns upon its owner, and kills him. As this is a short story, it should only have one main storyline, and this one does. If there was more than one then there would be little time for any development of plot at all. Conan Doyle, in The Adventure of the Speckled Band gives enough information to sustain interest, but is also very selective about what is included in it. There are some events in the story that are not directly important to the plot, but create tension and suspense. The visit of Dr Roylott to Sherlock Holmes house is included for this reason. Dr Roylott describes himself as a dangerous man to fall foul of, so Holmes wants to get to the house even more quickly, as he fears for the safety of Miss Stoner. This also increases the pace of the story, and makes it more exciting. Conan Doyle uses various things throughout the story to keep the readers interest. Dr Grimesby Roylott is an unusual man, who used to live in Calcutta. He went to prison for after he beat his native butler to death. When he returned home to England he had various ferocious quarrels, due to his violence of temper approaching to mania. Dr Roylott also kept tropical animals, which also makes him an interesting character, and his violent temper is also typical of a nineteenth Century villain. Another factor that creates interest in the story is the amazing skills of deduction possessed by Sherlock Holmes. Watson notices his quick, all-comprehensive glances when he first meets Miss Stoner. Holmes then goes on to deduce her exact journey, just from what he has seen. The reader is then anxious to see what he deduces from what Miss Stoner tells him about her circumstances.

Popular Mechanics by Raymond Carver Essay -- Papers Popular Mechanics

Popular Mechanics by Raymond Carver Works Cited Not Included Typically a story begins with an exposition, which introduces the characters, setting and plot. In the short story ?Popular Mechanics? by Raymond Carver, the exposition is excluded. The story begins with a short rise in action, moves quickly to the climax and totally omits the resolution. Carver uses third person objective narration to reveal the actions and the dialogue between a man and a woman. The narrator gives very little descriptive details, never revealing the characters? thoughts or their motivation. This allows the reader the freedom to interpret and develop their own opinions of the setting, plot, and characters of the story. This also stimulates the reader to be an active reader?to think about what is read, to ask questions, and to respond to the authors? style of writing. Firstly, the narrator gives little detail throughout the whole story. The greatest amount of detail is given in the first paragraph where the narrator describes the weather. This description sets the tone and mood of the events that follow. Giving the impression that a cold, wet, miserable evening was in the making. ?But it was getting dark on the inside too? (265), this foreshadowing reveals that not only was the day coming to an end, but something else was about to end. Carver leaves further development of the setting to the imagination of the reader. It could take place in any century or in any city, state, or country. There have been male-female relationships since the beginning of time, in every corner of the world. The story is universal and timeless. This lack of detail allows readers to develop a setting that fits with their lifestyle. Secondly, there is no... ...l of the relationship. Carver relies on the readers? knowledge of these popular stereotypes instead of telling you about each character. In conclusion, Carver ends with, ?In this manner, the issue was decided.? (266). The lack of explicit detail in ?Popular Mechanics? leaves the reader free to develop their own resolution. A different ending could be attached to every additional reading. Did the man take the baby? Did the woman? Was the baby hurt or killed? Due to the lack of detail this story could be read over and over and the reader could change the setting, plot and characterization each time. Carver takes into consideration a reader?s ability to be an active reader and their ability to incorporate their own ideas into his story. Thus, the need for lengthy detailed descriptions is not necessary, only a reader?s perception and imagination is needed.

Discrimination Concerning African Americans Essay

  Differences in race lead to divergent levels of economic development within the United States. Analysts often try to explain this phenomenon by observing a specific ethnic group’s tradition and cultural ideology. Economists expand their analysis on the economic behaviors of African Americans by taking into consideration personal histories and value systems of the group under study. American families measure economic status in terms of income, and factors associated with material security as a whole. These factors may consist of health care, college funds, and retirement plans. However, African American families lag well behind when conceptualizing economic development under these terms. The reason is due to numerous instances of discrimination that occur in the U. S. Many of America’s public policies aid in the underdevelopment of non-white families. Increased economic development within America is the key to upward political and social mobility. If minorities are denied inevitable rights to equality, access to economic development becomes a highly difficult process. Despite America’s idealized view on equal opportunity, it is valid to assume that economic security has been limited on the basis of race. Therefore, it is important to investigate why white American families are economically better-off than non-white American families. One must take into account aspects of political participation, education, and the number of children a family has in the home in order to understand this research question. Contemporary Viewpoints: The lack of political participation of minority groups is a prevalent issue within the United States, explaining why non-white American families are less economically developed when compared to white American families. According to Douglas S. Massey (1995), minority families increasingly speak languages and bear cultures quite different than the established norms within the U. S. regime. He has found that ethnic groups carry their customs into new generations, leading many non-white families to become displaced and impoverished. Brinck Kerr and Will Miller (1997) believe that it is necessary for non-white American families to participate in elections in order to obtain equal representation that they are now lacking. They go on to say that political representation is the key to higher employment levels, and is a significant determinant to the minority share of professional positions. William H. Frey (1996) finds that immigrants usually encounter highly stratified society characterized by high income inequality leaving little room for upward mobility. In addition, Paula D. Mcklain (1990) assumes that non-white American families will continue to reside in low economic subcultures that are institutionally incomplete if they are represented at much lower ratios relative to the population portions of whites. Susan Welch (1990) has found that minority groups have not even achieved half their population proportions in political elections. These numbers are even lower than what they were a decade ago. She states that other factors that lead to low political participation within minority groups is that a substantial number of non-white American families are not citizens, and therefore are not eligible to vote. Also, Massey has found that America enacts policies that hinder the socioeconomic status of immigrants for they are underrepresented at virtually all levels and institutions in United States government. Moreover, Friedberg and Hunt (1995) have found that non-white American families receive less benefits than white families because of geographic segregation within the community. The various dispersion of minority families in different low-income areas within the U. S. makes it difficult for these families to be represented proportionally. Consequently, Rodney E. Hero and Caroline J. Tolbert (1995) believe minority families can now be easily manipulated by government because they are not equally accounted for. Therefore, non-white American families are not able to take advantage of economically developed determinants such as health care and retirement funds. The inscription of the Statue of liberty expresses to the world to â€Å"give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free†¦. † America continuously contradicts itself on the validity of this concept due to the increasingly economic tension between Caucasian and non-white families. Friedberg and Hunt (1995) give the example of Proposition 187, which makes many non-white American families ineligible for certain services such as public health. Non-white American families are not given the opportunity to take advantage of benefactors the U. S. offers to white American families. Therefore, Non-white American families lack of political participation, and unequal representation in governmental institutions and legislative bodies, leads them to be less economically developed than white American families. Education is another obstacle to economic development that non-white families face. Education is a vital tool to economic security. However, Melissa Marschall (1997) has found that current policies demonstrate minorities have been denied equal access to education. She has found that assignment systems based on assessments of language deficiencies or other individual needs are used to separate non-whites from whites. According to Jeffrey J. Mondack and Diana C. Mutz (1997), inequitable school financing is equally detrimental to non-white students. Funding for public schools comes from property taxes. They go along to say that predomintly non-white schools tend to be in central inner city school districts which have a smaller property tax base. In addition, the Office of Civil Rights has identified practices that are termed â€Å"second generation school discrimination†. Practices such as ability grouping, suspensions, and tracking may appear on the surface to be normal educational practices. When examining these components closer, Brick Kerr and Will Miller (1997) have found they have a negative impact on minority students. Ability grouping is a form of segregation that separates minority students from whites. They have found that before even attempting to teach non-white students, they are diagnosed with having linguistic or intellectual problems. The students are therefore required to take special and bilingual classes, making it difficult for them to succeed. According to Robert E. England (1986), non-white students are many times pulled out of regular classes and placed into bilingual classes only on the basis of ethnicity rather than their understanding of English. Brick and Miller go on to explain that suspensions are a second tactic used to encourage the failure of minority students in school. Non-white students are given more harsh disciplinary sentences than white students. Moreover, studies show that the ratio of minority students kicked out of school is disproportionately higher than whites, making the students more likely to drop out. Marschall has found that schools also advocate differences in ability grouping and discipline, leading to distinctions in tracking between non-whites and whites. The majority white students in high ability groups are often counseled to choose college preparatory tracks. However, minorities in low ability groups are counseled into vocational or general tracks, making them less likely to attend post-secondary education. Mondack and Mutz believe that the overall pattern of racial inequality the school system has created makes non-whites less likely to receive a quality education than whites. This truth makes it difficult for economic development to occur within non-white American families. The number of children in a family lead to increased poverty levels and low economic development within non-white American families. M. Klitsch (1990) has found that minority women have children at an extensively higher rate than that of white women. Also, he states that non-white women represent a small percentage of the population, however they account for a greater number of births. Alejandro Portes and Cynthia Truelove (1987) go on to say that non-white families are generally poorer than white families because of the higher number of children in the home. This leads them to be more likely to live below the poverty line. In addition, Genevieve M. Kenney and Nancy E. Reichman (1998) have found the population of non-whites increases faster than whites every year due to high fertility rates. Similarly, the two have found that fertility rates of non-whites families living in impoverished communities is almost double compared to white families. Klitsch has found that non-white families have an estimated 5. 5 people to a household, while white families only 3. 8. Therefore, these high rates lead to low socioeconomic status, and limited opportunities to increase economic security. According to Kenney and Reichman, the high fertility rates are due to low percentages of minorities who use contraceptives. They have also found that non-white women are less likely to have an abortion than white women. One might view this as a positive aspect. However, Portes and Truelove believe that one must take into account the over a quarter of minority families who have an income below the federal poverty line, which is almost one half greater than those of white families. Therefore, the high number of children within non-white American families make them more likely to experience economic deprivation than white American families. There has been an abundance of scholarly research previously conducted on the economic differences between white and non-white American families. They usually consist of data sources such as the U. S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, and the U. S. bureau of the Census. The Foreign Born Population of the United States and Statistical Reports are used with the previously listed sources to compare ethnic groups (Friedberg and Hunt, pg. 5). These databases yield cross-sectional designs that develop into time series reports in order to make assumptions on variables dealing with GNP and income, proving distinct differences in the races under study. For instance, researchers assume that white families are more economically developed than non-whites. This is because the average white American family makes $44,000 a year, and the average non-white American family does not make half this amount (6-7). These figures are valid in drawing conclusions about correlative relationships, satisfying important ideological factors necessary to study when dealing with the dependent variable of race. A more effective method of analysis was a study derived from interviews in a low income Los Angeles county. The participants were white and non-white females. The study was conducted between January 1984 and May 1985 (M. Kitsch, 136-137). In addition, the sample consisted of a three-stage cluster of census tracks, blocks, and household addresses. This cross-sectional design embodied research dealing with fertility rates of different races. The minority women proved to have higher fertility rates in low income sectors, leading Klitsch to question the different ways non-white American families conceptualize economic development. Non-white American families have to deal with numerous accounts of racial discrimination. It is difficult for a non-white American family to become economically stable in terms of income and security plans. The reason is due to being a minority in a predominately white America. Therefore, non-white American families are less economically developed than white American families because: H1 non-white American families are less likely to participate in elections than white American families. H2 non-white Americans are more likely to be discriminated against in school than white Americans. H3 the more children in a household, the more likely a family will be economically deprived. Implications and Conclusion: Education, political participation, and the number of children a family has all affect the levels of economic development within the household for white American families. Even though education levels has a stronger affect toward higher levels of income, when the three variables are measured together, they are all highly statistically significant. In non-white American homes, education levels appears to be the key determinant of their economic status. Further test need to be measured in reference to how the number of children a family has and political participation affect the economic security of non-white American families. With this, the above hypotheses will prove to have more validity. However, in both cases it was important to measure education, the number of children a family has, and political participation together in order to understand the affect these variables have on each other, and how this affect leads to higher or lower levels of economic development within the family. These multivariate studies are also important in predicting the affect the independent variables will have on total family income in the future. It can be assumed that the highest year of school completed will continue to have a strong affect toward economic development in the future for both white and non-white American families. In addition, the number of children in a white American family and their political participation are significant variables to measure when determining their economic standpoint in future years to come. There are alternative approaches to identifying explanations to why non-white American families are less economically developed than white American families. One example is the difference in income between non-white and white American families who have single parents and ones that have two parents. Another alternative approach is identifying education as only an antecedent variable, and observing how it relates to occupation, the true independent variable under study. From here, one can observe how economic development is related to a person’s occupation within the home. As anyone who walks the streets of America’s largest cities knows, there has been a profound transformation of different ethnic cultures within the United States. The rapidity of the change has led to growing competition of economic development between white and non-white American families. This competition has lead to ethnic prejudice and discrimination as the United States continues to assimilate into the melting pot for the American dream. Political participation, education, and the number of children within the home are variables that allow the transition to become a less arduous process for white American families. However, if non-white American families continue to do poorly in terms of economic development because of these variables, non-whites will continue to lag behind the income scale in comparison to whites. Research along these lines will lead to the study of relative differences between ethnic cultures. An example is the discovery of why almost half the number of minorities return to their country of origin after experiences of economic injustice. Previous research may also benefit other analysis in the field of economics by itemizing fertility rates in terms of the higher number of non-white American families who lack the finances to properly nourish their children. These new variables along with my research can in time become valid determinants in explaining why white American families are economically better off that non-white American families.

Profile of Saladin, Hero of Islam

Saladin, the sultan of Egypt and Syria, watched as his men finally breached the walls of Jerusalem and poured into the city full of European Crusaders and their followers. Eighty-eight years earlier, when the Christians had taken the city, they massacred the Muslim and Jewish inhabitants. Raymond of Aguilers boasted, In the Temple and the porch of Solomon, men rode in blood up to their knees and bridle reins. Saladin, however, was both more merciful and more chivalrous that Europes knights; when he recaptured the city, he ordered his men to spare the Christian non-combatants of Jerusalem. At a time when the nobility of Europe believed that they held a monopoly on chivalry, and on Gods favor, the great Muslim ruler Saladin proved himself more compassionate and courtly than his Christian opponents. More than 800 years later, he is remembered with respect in the west, and revered in the Islamic world. Early Life In 1138, a baby boy named Yusuf was born to a Kurdish family of Armenian descent living in Tikrit, Iraq. The babys father, Najm ad-Din Ayyub, served as the castellan of Tikrit under the Seljuk administrator Bihruz; there is no record of the boys mothers name or identity. The boy who would become Saladin seemed to have been born under a bad star. At the time of his birth, his hot-blooded uncle Shirkuh killed the commander of the castle guard over a woman, and Bihruz banished the entire family from the city in disgrace. The babys name comes from the Prophet Joseph, an unlucky figure, whose half-brothers sold him into slavery. After their expulsion from Tikrit, the family moved to the Silk Road trading city of Mosul. There, Najm ad-Din Ayyub and Shirkuh served Imad ad-Din Zengi, the famous anti-Crusader ruler and founder of the Zengid Dynasty. Later, Saladin would spend his adolescence in Damascus, Syria, one of the great cities of the Islamic world. The boy reportedly was physically slight, studious and quiet. Saladin Goes to War After attending a military training academy, the 26-year-old Saladin accompanied his uncle Shirkuh on an expedition to restore Fatimid power in Egypt in 1163. Shirkuh successfully reinstalled the Fatimid vizier, Shawar, who then demanded that Shirkuhs troops withdraw. Shirkuh refused; in the ensuing fight, Shawar allied himself with European Crusaders, but Shirkuh, ably assisted by Saladin, managed to defeat the Egyptian and European armies at Bilbays. Shirkuh then withdrew the main body of his army from Egypt, in accordance with a peace treaty. (Amalric and the Crusaders also withdrew, since the ruler of Syria had attacked the Crusader States in Palestine during their absence.) In 1167, Shirkuh and Saladin once again invaded, intent on deposing Shawar. Once again, Shawar called on Amalric for assistance. Shirkuh withdrew from his base in Alexander, leaving Saladin and a small force to defend the city. Besieged, Saladin managed to protect the city and provide for its citizens despite his uncles refusal to attack the surrounding Crusader/Egyptian army from behind. After paying restitution, Saladin left the city to the Crusaders. The following year, Amalric betrayed Shawar and attacked Egypt in his own name, slaughtering the people of Bilbays. He then marched on Cairo. Shirkuh jumped into the fray once again, recruiting the reluctant Saladin to come with him. The 1168 campaign proved decisive; Amalric withdrew from Egypt when he heard that Shirkuh was approaching, but Shirkuh entered Cairo and took control of the city early in 1169. Saladin arrested the vizier Shawar, and Shirkuh had him executed. Taking Egypt Nur al-Din appointed Shirkuh as the new vizier of Egypt. A short time later, however, Shirkuh died after a feast, and Saladin succeeded his uncle as vizier on March 26, 1169. Nur al-Din hoped that together, they could crush the Crusader States that lay between Egypt and Syria. Saladin spent the first two years of his rule consolidating control over Egypt. After uncovering an assassination plot against him among the black Fatimid troops, he disbanded the African units (50,000 troops) and relied instead upon Syrian soldiers. Saladin also brought members of his family into his government, including his father. Although Nur al-Din knew and trusted Saladins father, he viewed this ambitious young vizier with increasing distrust. Meanwhile, Saladin attacked the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, crushed the city of Gaza, and captured the Crusader castle at Eilat as well as the key town of Ayla in 1170. In 1171, he began to march on the famous castle-city of Karak, where he was supposed to join Nur al-Din in attacking the strategic Crusader fortress but withdrew when his father passed away back in Cairo. Nur al-Din was furious, rightly suspecting that Saladins loyalty to him was in question. Saladin abolished the Fatimid caliphate, taking power over Egypt in his own name as the founder of the Ayubbid Dynasty in 1171, and reimposing Sunni religious worship instead of Fatimid-style Shiism. Capture of Syria In 1173 and 1174, Saladin pushed his borders west into what is now Libya, and southeast as far as Yemen. He also cut back payments to Nur al-Din, his nominal ruler. Frustrated, Nur al-Din decided to invade Egypt and install a more loyal underling as vizier, but he suddenly died early in 1174. Saladin immediately capitalized on Nur al-Dins death by marching to Damascus and taking control of Syria. The Arab and Kurdish citizens of Syria reportedly welcomed him joyfully into their cities. However, the ruler of Aleppo held out and refused to acknowledge Saladin as his sultan. Instead, he appealed to Rashid ad-Din, head of the Assassins, to kill Saladin. Thirteen Assassins stole into Saladins camp, but they were detected and killed. Aleppo refused to accept Ayubbid rule until 1183, nonetheless. Fighting the Assassins In 1175, Saladin declared himself king (malik), and the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad confirmed him as the sultan of Egypt and Syria. Saladin thwarted another Assassin attack, waking and catching the knifemans hand as he stabbed down towards the half-asleep sultan. After this second, and much closer, threat to his life, Saladin became so wary of assassination that he had chalk powder spread around his tent during military campaigns so that any stray footprints would be visible. In August of 1176, Saladin decided to lay siege to the Assassins mountain strongholds. One night during this campaign, he awoke to find a poisoned dagger beside his bed. Stuck to the dagger was a note promising that he would be killed if he did not withdraw. Deciding that discretion was the better part of valor, Saladin not only lifted his siege, but also offered an alliance to the Assassins (in part, to prevent the Crusaders from making their own alliance with them). Attacking Palestine In 1177, the Crusaders broke their truce with Saladin, raiding toward Damascus. Saladin, who was in Cairo at the time, marched with an army of 26,000 into Palestine, taking the city of Ascalon and getting as far as the gates of Jerusalem in November. On November 25, the Crusaders under King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem (son of Amalric) surprised Saladin and some of his officers while the vast bulk of their troops were out raiding, however. The European force of just 375 was able to route Saladins men; the sultan narrowly escaped, riding a camel all the way back to Egypt. Undaunted by his embarrassing retreat, Saladin attacked the Crusader city of Homs in the spring of 1178. His army also captured the city of Hama; a frustrated Saladin ordered the beheading of the European knights captured there. The following spring King Baldwin launched what he thought was a surprise retaliatory attack on Syria. Saladin knew he was coming, though, and the Crusaders were soundly thrashed by Ayubbid forces in April of 1179. A few months later, Saladin took the Knights Templar fortress of Chastellet, capturing many famous knights. By the spring of 1180, he was in position to launch a serious attack on the Kingdom of Jerusalem, so King Baldwin sued for peace. Conquest of Iraq In May of 1182, Saladin took half of the Egyptian army and left that part of his kingdom for the last time. His truce with the Zengid dynasty that ruled Mesopotamia expired in September, and Saladin resolved to seize that region. The emir of the Jazira region in northern Mesopotamia invited Saladin to take suzerainty over that area, making his task easier. One by one, other major cities fell: Edessa, Saruj, ar-Raqqah, Karkesiya, and Nusaybin. Saladin repealed taxes in the newly-conquered areas, making him very popular with the local residents. He then moved toward his former hometown of Mosul. However, Saladin was distracted by a chance to finally capture Aleppo, the key to northern Syria. He made a deal with the emir, allowing him to take everything he could carry as he left the city, and paying the emir for what was left behind. With Aleppo finally in his pocket, Saladin once more turned to Mosul. He laid siege to it on November 10, 1182, but was unable to capture the city. Finally, in March of 1186, he made peace with the citys defense forces. March Toward Jerusalem Saladin decided that the time was ripe to take on the Kingdom of Jerusalem. In September of 1182, he marched into Christian-held lands across the River Jordan, picking off small numbers of knights along the Nablus road. The Crusaders mustered their largest army ever, but it was still smaller than Saladins, so they merely harassed the Muslim army as it moved toward Ayn Jalut. Finally, Raynald of Chatillon sparked open fighting when he threatened to attack the holy cities of Medina and Mecca. Saladin responded by besieging Raynalds castle, Karak, in 1183 and 1184. Raynald retaliated by attacking pilgrims making the hajj, murdering them and stealing their goods in 1185. Saladin countered by building a navy that attacked Beirut. Despite all of these distractions, Saladin was making gains on his ultimate goal, which was the capture of Jerusalem. By July of 1187, most of the territory was under his control. The Crusader kings decided to mount a last, desperate attack to try and drive Saladin from the kingdom. Battle of Hattin On July 4, 1187, the army of Saladin clashed with the combined army of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, under Guy of Lusignan, and the Kingdom of Tripoli, under King Raymond III. It was a smashing victory for Saladin and the Ayubbid army, which nearly wiped out the European knights and captured Raynald of Chatillon and Guy of Lusignan. Saladin personally beheaded Raynald, who had tortured and murdered Muslim pilgrims and also had cursed the Prophet Muhammad. Guy of Lusignan believed that he would be killed next, but Saladin reassured him by saying, It is not the want of kings to kill kings, but that man transgressed all bounds and therefore did I treat his thus. Saladins merciful treatment of the King Consort of Jerusalem helped cement his reputation in the west as a chivalrous warrior. On October 2, 1187, the city of Jerusalem surrendered to Saladins army after a siege. As noted above, Saladin protected the Christian civilians of the city. Although he demanded a low ransom for each Christian, those who could not afford to pay were also allowed to leave the city rather than being enslaved. Low-ranking Christian knights and foot-soldiers were sold into slavery, however. Saladin invited Jewish people to return to Jerusalem once more. They had been murdered or driven out by the Christians eighty years before, but the people of Ashkelon responded, sending a contingent to resettle in the holy city. The Third Crusade Christian Europe was horrified by the news that Jerusalem had fallen back under Muslim control. Europe soon launched the Third Crusade, led by Richard I of England (better known as Richard the Lionheart). In 1189, Richards forces attacked Acre, in what is now northern Israel, and massacred 3,000 Muslim men, women, and children who had been taken prisoner. In retaliation, Saladin executed every Christian soldier his troops encountered for the next two weeks. Richards army defeated Saladins at Arsuf on September 7, 1191. Richard then moved toward Ascalon, but Saladin ordered the city emptied and destroyed. As the dismayed Richard directed his army to march away, Saladins force fell upon them, killing or capturing most of them. Richard would continue to try to retake Jerusalem, but he had only 50 knights and 2,000 foot-soldiers remaining, so he would never succeed. Saladin and Richard the Lionheart grew to respect one another as worthy adversaries. Famously, when Richards horse was killed at Arsuf, Saladin sent him a replacement mount. In 1192, the two agreed to the Treaty of Ramla, which provided that the Muslims would retain control of Jerusalem, but Christian pilgrims would have access to the city. The Crusader Kingdoms were also reduced to a thin sliver of land along the Mediterranean coast. Saladin had prevailed over the Third Crusade. Death of Saladin Richard the Lionheart left the Holy Land early in 1193. A short time later, on March 4, 1193, Saladin died of an unknown fever in his capital at Damascus. Knowing that his time was short, Saladin had donated all of his wealth to the poor  and had no money left even for a funeral. He was buried in a simple mausoleum outside of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. Sources Lyons, Malcolm Cameron and D.E.P. Jackson. Saladin: The Politics of the Holy War, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.Nicolle, David and Peter Dennis. Saladin: The Background, Strategies, Tactics and Battlefield Experiences of the Greatest Commanders of History, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2011.Reston, James Jr. Warriors of God: Richard the Lionheart and Saladin in the Third Crusade, New York: Random House, 2002.